When decoding data out of a dataset encoded with the H5Z_NBIT decoding, the HDF5 1.8.16 library will fail to ensure that the precision is within the bounds of the size leading to arbitrary code execution.
Gentoo Linux Security Advisory 201701-13 - Multiple vulnerabilities have been found in HDF5 which could lead to the arbitrary execution of code. Versions less than 1.8.18 are affected.